Background 2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine(PhIP),one of the most abundant heterocyclic aromatic amines(HAA)formed by cooking meat at high temperature,may be malformed by rodent and human factors and have a certain influence on the development of the nervous system.Methods In this paper,PhIP was used to prepare a chicken embryo model with abnormal embryonic nervous system defects.Sulforaphane(SFN)is a derivative of a glucosinolate,which is abundant in cruciferous vegetables,and can pass through the placental barrier.Moreover,SFN has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic functions and is considered a bioactive antioxidant with significant neuroprotective effects.Nano-sulforaphane(Nano-SFN,Sulforaphane nanoparticles)were prepared by self-assembly using biocompatible,biodegradable methoxy polyethylene glycol 5000-b-polyglutamic acid 10000(mPEG5K-PGA10K)as the substrate,to explore the new application of Nano-SFN and its modified compounds as lead compounds in protecting against the abnormal development of the embryonic nervous system.Results The results show that Nano-SFN could protect against PhIP-induced central nervous system(CNS,derived from neural tube)and peripheral nervous system(PNS,derived from neural crest cells,NCCs)defects and neural tube defects(NTDs),and increase the embryo survival rate.Conclusion This shows that Nano-SFN can effectively alleviate the abnormal development of the embryonic nervous system induced by PhIP in the microenvironment and has a protective effect on embryonic development.It extends the application of SFN,improves its medicinal value,and provides the possibility of it being developed as a novel drug for neuroprotection.
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Sulforaphane nanoparticles Embryonic development Neural tube Neural crest cells
Ping Zhang Tingting Li Chang Liu Mustafa Sindi Xin Cheng Shuangyu Qi Xinyue Liu Yongping Bao Beate Brand-Saberi Guang Wang Xuesong Yang
International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development&Prenatal Medicine,Division of Histology and Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology,Institute of Anatomy,Ruhr University Bochum,Universit International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development&Prenatal Medicine,Division of Histology and Norwich Medical School,University of East Anglia,Norwich,Norfolk NR4 7UQ,U.K.
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