Modifying gut microbiota to enhance gut health in dairy cows
The symbiosis between cows and their commensal gut bacteria is critical for their health and production.High yielding dairy cows are commonly fed high-grain diets in order to meet their high energy requirements, and it has been assumed that this negatively affects the gut microbiota of these cows.Until recently the technology to determine these effects comprehensively was not available.However,high-throughput genetic sequencing techniques are now available and they have been used to determine the impact of dietary changes on the composition and functionality of entire gut microbiota.This research has shown that that core microbiota are robust to large increases in high grain feeding at the phylum and genus level, but that this results in changes in this composition at the species level.However, these changes vary greatly among studies.Most of these changes at the species level reflect changes in the availability of substrates and niches in digesta.Most studies agree that high grain feeding reduces the richness and diversity of gut microbiota, which is considered adverse to their functionality.Several supplements,including as yeasts, yeast culture products, probiotics, and polyphenols, have shown promise to overcome the negative effects of high-grain feeding on gut microbiota.The effects of these supplements also vary among experiments, but differences in the design and technology among these experiments contributed to this variation of these effects.In order to develop efficient supplementation strategies, the mechanisms behind the effects of these supplements on the composition and functionality of gut microbiota need to be better understood.Obtaining this understanding is held back by challenges in the assessment of the functionality of gut microbiota.
J.C.(Kees) Plaizier Hooman Derakhshani Ehsan Khafipour
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;Department of Medical Mic
国际会议
The 5h International Symposium on Dairy Cow Nutrition and Milk Quality(第五届“奶牛营养与牛奶质量国际研讨会)
北京
英文
24-29
2017-05-05（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）