会议专题

The Bovine Milk Microbiome: Origins and Potential Health Implications for Cows and Calves

Introduction Milk is a complex fluid which contains nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, and water) and myriad other biological substances important for the growth and development of the neonate (McGuire and McGuire, 2015, 2017).Typically, the quality of milk is judged by how well the nutrient content matches the nutrient requirement of the offspring.In addition, milk contains living cells whose roles in the neonate are unclear.For instance, milk containsseveral types of host cells including immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and those from epithelial lineages (Berry et al., 2007).Progenitor/stem cells have been isolated and propagated from human milk (Berry et al.,2007).Again, specific roles for the neonate are not clear.In addition, non-host cells, such as bacteria,have long been identified in milk, particularly that produced during mastitis.In fact, long-standing dogma suggests that the presence of bacteria in milk represents infectious mastitis;otherwise milk is sterile.This is, however, clearly not true.When a variety of culture media are used, research now shows that bovine milkcontains a significant population of lactic acid bacteria including Lactococcus, Streptococcus,Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Enterococcus sp.Others, such as the psychotrophs, can be found after cold storage (Quigley et al., 2011, 2013).The presence of viable bacteria in human milk using culture-dependent methods has also been demonstrated (e.g., Heikkil(a) and Saris, 2003;Hunt et al., 2012;Martin et al., 2003);in all these studies the researchers were limited by which bacterial taxa they were prepared to identify-often driven by specific interests of a research group.In summary, bacteria are commonplace in milk and may have important roles in both mammary gland and neonatal health (Jeurink et al., 2013;McGuire and McGuire, 2015, 2017;Quigley et al., 2013).The advent of culture-independent methodsfor bacterial community analysis, coupled with broad culturing approaches, are changing the perception of the complexity and role of bacteria in milk.

Mark A.McGuire Janet E.Williams Michelle K.McGuire

University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

国际会议

The 5h International Symposium on Dairy Cow Nutrition and Milk Quality(第五届“奶牛营养与牛奶质量国际研讨会)

北京

英文

129-137

2017-05-05(万方平台首次上网日期,不代表论文的发表时间)