Spatial Distribution of Ammonia Emission Density As Impacted by Poultry and Swine Production in North Carolina of the U.S.
Emission, fate, transport and transformation of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) have become an increasing concern due to the associated adverse effects on air/water quality, soil health, and ecosystem.This paper reports an investigation of the spatial distribution of top-ranking NH3emission sources, poultry and swine operations, and their associated NH3 emission spatial distribution in North Carolina (NC).Google Earth, Google Map, and ArcMap were used to identify poultry and swine farms.Regional NH3 emission distribution map was developed by (1)incorporating emission factors reported in the literature and identified animal feeding operation(AFO) farm spatial distribution data; (2) using Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) NH3Emission Inventory model.Geographic information system (GIS) mapping of swine and poultry facilities and spatial variation of NH3 emission in NC were developed.It was found that the total numbers of poultry and swine farms were 6605, of which 4390 were poultry farms and 2215were swine farms.Approximately 56,583 tons of NH3 per year were emitted from poultry production alone and, 78,084 tons per year were emitted from swine production.In total,134,667 tons per year of NH3 was emitted from the combination of the poultry and swine farms.Poultry and swine production and corresponding NH3 emissions were concentrated in the Wilmington and Fayetteville regions of NC.These findings will help advance our understanding of AFO NH3 emission impact on regional scale that may lead to the improved regulation and control strategies of NH3 emission.
Animal feeding operation ammonia annual emission GIS ArchMap
Yijia Zhao Lingjuan Wang-Li
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University,Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
国际会议
The 2015 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare(动物环境和福利国际研讨会)
重庆
英文
88-95
2015-10-23（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）