The role of on-farm management on sustainable irrigated agriculture in arid and semiarid region-A case study in Karkheh River Basin-Iran
The Karkheh River basin(KRB)is an important agricultural zone,located in southwest Iran.In the lower KRB,some irrigation water is lost during conveyance and field application,resulting in low irrigation efficiency and the risk of land and water resource degradation.Water productivity(WP)for wheat and barley is less than 0.5 kg/m3 and for maize is about 0.4 kg/m3 – lower than the country averages of 0.8 kg/m3.A study was conducted in lower KRB,in Sorkheh district of Evan Plain,in 2005 to 2007,to identify causes of low WP and to introduce measures for its improvement.The study area has a semi-arid climate with average rainfall of about 350 mm.Seven irrigation units,each consisting of several farms with similar sources of irrigation water,were identified as follows: two units using only wells,three units receiving water from irrigation network canals where water delivery is on a variable rotational basis and depends on the operation of the pumping station feeding the network from the river,one unit pumping water directly from the river,and one unit using both network and well water.In each unit,three farms were selected with regard to variables such as distance to water source,method of water supply,crop cultivar,management of irrigation,and farming practices.WP of each farm was determined.Farms irrigated by water from the network consumed more water but had lower grain yields.Wheat yield and water use efficiency were higher in fields following corn than fallow.The inflow of the most efficient unit was 3.5-4 l/s/m.The most sensitive stage to drought stress was from heading until grain ripening; therefore,three or four irrigations(each 50 mm)are recommended during early spring.Assuming a fixed yield resulting from the application of proper irrigation practices and/or utilization of irrigation systems with higher application efficiency,the irrigation water efficiency can be enhanced by about 30%.
Hossein Dehghanisanij Mansour Moayeri Theib Oweis Mehdi Akbari
Irrigation and Drainage Discipline,Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AERI),Karaj,Iran. P.O Safi-Abad Agricultural Research Center,Dezful,Iran International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA)
国际会议
The 11th International Conference on Development of Drylands(第十一届国际干旱区大会)
北京
英文
427-437
2013-03-18（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）