Mating Type Genes as Master Regulators of Mushroom Development
Mating type genes in the Agaricomycotina control the development and maintenance of the dikaryotic mycelium after fusion of two mating-compatible monokaryotic mycelia.The genes furthermore participate in the control of the development of the fruiting bodies on the established dikaryon.Molecular studies on the classical mushroom models Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune revealed that the A mating type locus encodes two distinct classes of homeodomain transcription factors (HD1 and HD2) and the B mating type locus precursors for pheromones and pheromone receptors.For mating compatibility,the products of allelic A loci and the products of allelic B loci have to be different from each other in sequence to allow recognition of suitable partner molecules for protein-protein-interactions.Successful interactions happen only between proteins coming from genes of different mating type specificity.Formation of an HD1-HD2 heterodimer is premise for regulation of expression of downstream genes,binding of a pheromone to a foreign pheromone receptor initiates a signaling cascade for the coordinated expression of target genes of pheromone response.C.cinerea and S.commune with each two distinct mating type loci are tetrapolar species.For each locus,multiple alleles exist.Bipolar species have only one mating type locus.Also this can have multiple alleles.The single mating type locus in bipolar species has been shown to host the HD1 and HD2 homeodomain transcription factor genes.Although the B genes have lost mating type function,they still retain functions in mushroom development.In the age of fungal genomics,we now obtain insight in evolution of these loci and in mating-type-regulation of many more bi-and tetrapolar species,including medicinal mushrooms.Here,the mating type loci of the tetrapolar Ganoderma lucidum are for the first time defined by analyzing three different available genomes of the species.The A locus is found to carry a single HD1-HD2 gene pair and the B locus multiple pheromone precursor genes and pheromone receptor genes.The three available G.lucidum genomes present three different alleles for both loci.
mating type fruiting body homeodomain transcription factors pheromones pheromone receptors
u.KüES
University of G(ǒ)ttingen, Btsgen-Institute, Department for Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büisgenweg 2, D-37077 G(ǒ)ttingen, Germany
国际会议
The 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Congerence(第七届国际药用菌大会(IMMC7)
北京
英文
33-59
2013-08-26（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）