Compost and Fermentation Residues Used as Litter Materials in Dairy Farming
In dairy farming,litter materials have an essential influence on health and production performance of animals and therefore,on the quality of the comestible milk.As straw has recently become an essential cost factor in dairy farming,alternative options are in demand.In this study,selected materials were tested for their hygienic-microbiological quality,i.e.compost barns,litter materials from dry fermentation residues as well as composted fermentation residues,composted garden and forest waste.Representative collected composite saruples from the litter ruaterials are taken from comruercial farms.From compost barns 20 collected composite samples (10 from surface and 10 in a depth of 40 cm)were taken.From fermentation residues five collected composite samples of the fresh material and five of the dry material were analyzed.These materials were not used as bedding material at the time-point of sampling.From composted fermentation residues five representative samples were taken froru the cubicals equally from composted garden and forest waste.In addition,three collected composite samples were tested from this fresh compost material.All samples were quantitatively tested for coliform bacteria,enterococci,salmonellae,streptococci and staphylococci.Investigated materials showed varying results.The average bacterial numbers for E.coli and coliform bacteria in compost ranged between 10 and 106 CFU/g,respectively.In fermentation residues the numbers were considerable lower.In fresh material coliform bacteria were below the limit of detection and in dry material below l.44 CFU/g.In used bedding material enterococci were verified in average between 103 and 105 CFU/g.In comparison,IOCFU per gram of enterococci were found in fresh fermentation residues and 104 CFU per gram in dry fermentation residues.Salmonellae were not found in any samples.There were only a sporadically appearance of streptococci and staphylococci.In summary,the content of E.coli and enterococci was quite high in all compost material.Therefore,this material can be recommended in a limited way as litter material.The variation of the results might be due to the sampling scheme since contamination with aniruals excrements could not be avoided.
Philipp,W Schwarzkopf,K Hoelzle,L.E
Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene University of Hohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany
国际会议
XVIth International Congress on Animal Hygiene(第十六届动物卫生国际会议(ISAH 2013))
南京
英文
394-396
2013-05-05（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）