The History of the Technological Progress of Hard Metals
The impressive history of hardmetals starts with the Schr(o)ter Patent and is then followed by the first hardmetal company,Krupp-WIDIA.Metallwerk Plansee has also played an important part in the search of drawing dies for tungsten wires and later as one of the important hardmetal manufacturers besides Kennametal in USA,Sandvik in Sweden and others.The further development of hardmetals is characterized by other carbide and binder combinations.TiC-based hardmetals are a great step forward for the machining of steels and so are fine grained hardmetals for a wide spectrum of applications.With the rising tendency of automation in metal cutting,indexable inserts with quite complex geometries were developed for the application in lathes and milling centers working with computer numerical control (CNC).Coating technologies by chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition have greatly increased the wear resistance of hard metals.Coating with aluminum oxide multilayers and with diamond were devised as well as compact non metallic hard materials such as diamond,cubic boron nitride,oxide and nitride ceramics as well as mixed ceramics.Finally a short survey of the literature on hard metals and hard materials is given.This paper is a condensed version of a book chapter:Introduction to Hardmetals-History of Hardmetals by P.Ettmayer,H.Kolaska and H.M.Ortner in the book:Comprehensive Hard Materials,Elsevier,V.K.Sarin and D.Mari,eds.(in preparation).
coating of hardmetals cutting tool materials definitions fine grained hardmetals history of hardmetals Schr(o)ter patent survey of literature
Hugo M.Ortner Peter Ettmayer Hans Kolaska
Osterbichl 16,A 6600 Breitenwang,Tyrol,Austria Premreimerg.12b/13/6,A 1130 Wien,Austria Walter-H(o)fer-Weg 25,D 46242 Bottrop,Germany
国际会议
2012 Zhuzhou International Conference on Cemented Carbides(株洲硬质合金国际学术会议)
株洲
英文
45-57
2012-09-12（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）