Ecosystem-Based Wetland Conservation and Restoration in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, USA: A Description of the Columbia Estuary Ecosystem Restoration Program
The Columbia Estuary Ecosystem Restoration Program ( CEERP) in the U. S. Pacific Northwest provides programmatic processes, experiences, and lessons applicable to the eco-friendly utilization of the littoral zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. The CEERP applies an ecosystem-based approach to help mitigate the environmental effects of the Federal Columbia River Power System by working to understand, conserve, and restore ecosystems in the lower Columbia River and estuary (LCRE). Wetland ecosystems in the LCRE, which is 235 km long and about 80％ tidal freshwater, have been altered significantly by agricultural, industrial, hydrosystem operations, and other practices that disrupt food webs, reduce macrodetritus flux, and restrict rearing and refuge areas for juvenile salmon, among other consequences. The restoration program has five main objectives: 1 ) understand the primary stressors affecting ecosystem controlling factors, e.g., diking restricting access to and contributions from wetland ecosystems; 2) conserve and restore factors controlling ecosystem structures and processes, e. g. , reconnecting wetland areas to the main stem; 3) increase the quantity and quality of ecosystem structures, e. g. , removing invasive plants and restoring emergent marshes; 4) maintain and enhance ecosystem processes, e. g. , revitalizing food webs; 5 ) improve the ecosystem function of salmon performance, e. g. , increasing lifehistory diversity, foraging success, growth, and survival. To accomplish these objectives, the CEERP implements an adaptive management process led by the funding agencies and performed in collaboration with regional stakeholders. This paper uses the five phases of the annual CEERP adaptive management cycle-Strategize, Decide, Act, Monitor/Research, and Evaluate-as the context for presenting key results from the program. The paper closes with lessons to consider for ecosystem-based conservation and restoration in the Three Gorges Reservoir.
ecosystem-basis wetland restoration hydrologic reconnection adaptive management lower Columbia River and estuary
Gary E. JOHNSON Blaine D. EBBERTS Ben D. ZELINSKY
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory 620 SW 5th Avenue, Suite 810,Portl U. S. Army Corps of Engineers,333 SW 1st Avenue, Portland, Oregon USA 97204 Bonneville Power Administration 905 NE 11th Avenue, Portland, Oregon USA 97208
国际会议
重庆
英文
94-103
2011-10-01（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）