Fruit Juice Controversies: Diarrhea, Obesity, and Nutritional Values
Parents consider fruit juice to be a healthy beverage for their infants and toddlers. The main component of fruit juice is water, followed by carbohydrates. Not all juices are similar in vitamin and mineral content. Some juices are naturally good sources of potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C; many juices are fortified, often with vitamin C and/or calcium. Recently, concerns have been raised about the role of juice in the diets of infants and toddlers. Juice has been implicated in diarrhea, dental caries and obesity in this age group. When juice is consumed in excessive amounts, malabsorption of carbohydrate can occur, resulting in diarrhea. Fructose and sorbitol are the two carbohydrates that have been implicated. Dental caries are a common problem in childhood, and the impact of beverage patterns on this disease has been investigated. In the United States, consumption of regular soda pop and to a lesser extent fruit juice, are associated with an increased risk of dental caries. Two studies completed in China demonstrated that feeding fruit juice from a bottle was a significant predictor of dental caries in children aged 3-5 years. Research on the relationship between juice consumption and obesity in children is complex. In the United States, national dietary survey data found no significant differences in weight status and the amounts of 100％ juice consumed. A different picture emerges when children who are underweight, overweight or at risk for overweight are examined. In underweight children, excessive fruit juice consumption resulted in reduced food intake and nonorganic failure to thrive. In overweight children and children at risk for overweight, higher intakes of fruit juice were observed and increased intake was associated with excess adiposity gain. In addition to the possible relation with weight status, there is concern that juice consumption could displace milk and other nutrient-dense foods in the diet. A review of fruit juice recommendations from different countries indicated similarities and differences. There is agreement that fruit juice should not be introduced during the first 6 months of life. Fruit juice recommendations for older infants and toddlers vary, however, ranging from complete avoidance to the allowance of limited amounts.
Idamarie Laquatra
Global Nutrition, H. J. Heinz Company
国际会议
The 18th International Symposium on Maternal & Infant Nutrition(第十八届国际妇幼营养专题研讨会)
武汉
英文
84-101
2008-11-19（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）