LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION PIPELINES FOR GEOTHERMAL WATERS IN ICELAND (20-60 KM)
In Iceland there are about 30 geothermal district heating systems in operation in towns and villages and some 200 networks in rural areas. Many of these have invested in long transmission pipelines to obtain hot geothermal water to provide sustainable energy for the house heating. This paper describes three of these long transmission pipelines, how they started, how they were designed in the beginning and how they developed with time. The pipelines are all economical and some very economical. They serve the majority of the population in Iceland. One of this pipelines which is 18 kilometres long has been in operation since 1970s or almost 40 years. Another pipeline which is over 60 kilometres long has been in operation for over 25 years and the largest pipeline serving the capital city of Reykjavik is 900 mm in diameter, 23 kilometres long and has been successfully in operation almost 20 years. Also described is the geothermal heating of the rural area where typically few farmers or very small communities pool their resources and ploughs in very long plastic pipes for heating. Using all methods in utilizing the geothermal hot water in Iceland like constructing unusually long transmission pipelines has both been economically and environmentally successful. The expansion of the geothermal heating systems has resulted in gradually increasing the share of geothermal energy used for space heating from 43％ of all houses in Iceland in the 1970s to 90％ today.
Thorkell Erlingsson Sverrir Thorhallsson
VST Ltd Armuli 4 IS-108 Reykjavik ICELAND ISOR Grensasvegi 9 IS-108 Reykjavik ICELAND
国际会议
Workshop for Decision Makers on Direct Heating Use of Geothermal Resources in Asia(亚洲地热资源直接利用国际研讨会)
天津
英文
426-437
2008-05-11（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）