Non-compulsory Administrative Act in Crisis Management in China
From2003 to 2008, there was a huge electricity crisis occurring in Zhejiang Province, China, because limited total power production capacity could not meet rapidly increasing demand of electricity. The crisis hindered economic growth and influenced quality of life seriously. In order to keep balance between supply and demand, responsible agencies of local government took various administrative measures originally. In demand side management (DSM), bureau of power had signed contracts on energy conservation and avoiding power consumption in peak time with main industrial enterprises before spasmodic power supply by load-shedding. The contract encourages enterprises to adjust the working time by different electricity rates in peak hour and off-peak hour, and in consequence above 98% enterprises fulfilled the contracts. While in supply side management (SSM), local government paid RMB0.25/kWh as compensation for the loss caused by price-hike of coal to the electric companies which supplied electricity in peak time. And in California Electricity Crisis(2000-2001), the state government had to pay USD 270/mWh (about RMB 2.16/kWh) to the electric companies. Comparing with California electricity crisis (2000-2001), policy of Zhejiang government is more economical and efficient. I draw some conclusions with the above description of Zhejiang government efforts taken against electricity crisis. (l)The purpose of service-oriented government in crisis management is to maximize public interest, and it is too arduous to a single agency. So government should not only construct a stable multi-agency cooperation system, but also improve the public participation during crisis time. (2) In terms of whether the declaration of will of government coincides with that of private party, and the will of which sides will submit to the other when divergence occurs, the government behavior can be divided into compulsory administrative act and non-compulsory administrative act. The non-compulsory administrative act has been increasingly favored by government of various countries, due to its distinctive mechanisms of democracy, negotiation, and benefit stimulation. The successful experience of Zhejiang government in electricity crisis shows that the non-compulsory administrative act, such as the administrative contract and the administrative grants, is an essential and important mode of government behavior in crisis management. (3) There are two principles that government should follow in crisis management: one is that the application of non-compulsory administrative act should run through the whole process of crisis management, with special attention paid to the application during the warning phase before outbreak of crisis; the other is that the non-compulsory administrative act has the priority to be chosen as the prime crisis management mode, to put it another way, the exhaustion and invalidity of non-compulsory administrative act should be the precondition of compulsory administrative act.
ZHOU Sheng
School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China, 310027
国际会议
2011 International Conference on Public Administration(2011公共管理国际会议)
成都
英文
810-818
2011-10-18（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）