Production of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) Crystals in Pilot Plant: Starting from Acetamidine Hydrochlorides
FOX-7 or 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene is an insensitive high explosive. It was first synthesized in 1998 by the FOA Defence Research Establishment (Sweden). Due to its small-scale production, the cost of FOX-7 is relatively high. The need for less sensitive munition is the most important driver for any research on FOX-7. In this activity, 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) as an insensitive explosive, was synthesized by condensation of Diethyl Malonate with Acetamidine Hydrochloride at reflux condition in EtOH or MeOH in the presence of Na and then nitration of the 2-methyl-4,6-pyrimidinedione intermediate to 2-dinitromethylene-5,5-dinitropyrimidine-4,6-dione in presence of H2SO4 and HNO3 at low temperature (FOI method). In this work, in order to produce FOX-7 in higher scale with low cost, commercial material grade were used. All reaction conditions (Temperature, time and stirrer rate) were optimized for production in pilot plant. Other scale up problems such as Filtration, heat transfer in nitration process, and creation of foam in hydrolyze stage were obviated. We develop an efficient route for synthesis FOX-7 with high yield (>90% for FOX-7). The 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopic data are in agreement with the proposed structures.
AZARNIA J. HAFIZI H.R. FERDOWSI M.
Research Institute for Science and Technology,Tehran,Iran
国际会议
2011 International Autumn Seminar on Propellants,Explosives and Pyrotechnics(2011国际推进剂、炸药、烟火技术秋季研讨会)
南京
英文
62-64
2011-09-20（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）