Green Primary Explosives
Primary explosives are essential components of primers and detonators, which are responsible for initiating military items ranging from small caliber munitions to warheads. The most common primary explosives in widespread use are lead azide and lead styphnate. Lead azide is used as a neat material in detonator transfer charges or in initiating mixes. Lead styphnate is mostly used in primer formulations, although it is found in detonator stab mixes as well. Lead is both an acute and chronic toxin, and the human body has difficulty in removing it once it has been absorbed and dissolved in the blood. Consequently, a main concern is the absorption of lead by humans from exposure to initiating mix constituents, as well as the combustion by-products of lead based compositions. As a result, there is a major effort to overcome these toxicity issues through development of green, low toxicity primary materials as neat compounds or in formulations. Alternative, green materials are being explored with a focus on the use of heterocyclic, high-nitrogen organic compounds in addition to other inorganic systems. High nitrogen molecules rely on large positive heats of formation for their energetic content and decompose primarily into non-toxic nitrogen gas with minimal solid products. To date, several metal salts based on nitriminotetrazoles, as well as polyazides have been tested. Materials such as triazine triazide and DBX-1 have shown promise and have been tested as stab mix and primer mix formulations. The goal is to develop green formulations and optimize energetic performance as well as minimize impact sensitivity.
CHENG G. MEHTA N. OYLER K.
Explosives Development Branch, U.S.Army, RDECOM-ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806, USA
国际会议
2011 International Autumn Seminar on Propellants,Explosives and Pyrotechnics(2011国际推进剂、炸药、烟火技术秋季研讨会)
南京
英文
949-953
2011-09-20（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）