Development of Blasting in Russia
The Russian Federation is one of the leading countries in terms of the scope of commercial blasting. Disintegration of rocks by blast energy is supported by some theoretical findings and developments, as well as practical implementation of blasting technologies in the development of mineral deposits by underground and surface mining methods. In compliance with the requirements of mining science and industry the top priorities of rock mass disintegration cover the following research areas: (1) Development of new types of explosives for mining industries; (2) Development of the rock blast theory, investigation of micro-and macro-fracturing behavior under blast effect, blast directional effect control methods; (3) Perfection of the existing methods and development of new technologies and facilities for rock disintegration by blast; (4) Creation of new blasting equipment and upgrading of blast initiation systems. Economic efficiency of rock mass blasting for mineral extraction can be enhanced with the expansion of the scale of blasting operations. Basic principles of large-scale blasting have been designed for underground and surface mining. New methods of largemass charge underground application have enabled iron-ore producers in Siberia to significantly cut blasting costs. Currently, search is under way for new engineering approaches to improve blasting operations in surface mining. At the current stage of development of commercial explosives for mineral mining a trend is clearly observed towards the prevailing use of explosive materials, which blasting action is characterized by a less shattering effect due to lower pressure of a fore section of the blast-generated pulse transferred from a charge to the rock mass. Perfection of blasting technologies is aimed at meaningful cost reduction and higher safety of explosive materials prepared in-situ, as compared with prefabricated explosives. In general, the transfer from granulated trinitrotoluene and TNT-based explosives to safe and environmentally clean emulsion and TNT-free explosives, as well as the design of the infrastructure for their in-situ production make a major contribution to the strategy of effective development of blasting operations. The development and wide-scale application of nonelectrical priming systems has become a new step towards the improvement of blasting processes, higher safety and lower seismic impact of bulk blasts. Elimination of a detonating cord in the design of borehole charges has improved rock fragmentation due to higher accuracy of delay intervals in short-delay blasting, and made easier the blast tying-in arrangement Of particular interest is the design and implementation of indigenous electric detonators with electronic delay systems. The above mentioned and some other areas aimed at the perfection of drilling and blasting operations in Russia, new ideas and R&D findings, their implementation by joint efforts of researchers, designers and mine engineers determine the evolution of blasting operations in Russia.
K.N.Trubetskoy S.D.Victorov V.M.Zakalinsky
Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
国际会议
厦门
英文
11-15
2011-08-10（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）