Study and analysis of urban poverty and environmental risks(Case study: Tabriz)
In the past decades,rapid population growth in developing countries has caused increasing population growth and development in urbanization in these countries.Creation of job and activity centers in big cities,caused large numbers of people to immigrate into these cities and urban development just focused on few big cities in these countries and as a result,political,regional and urban imbalances in these countries has been deteriorated.The absence of ordered hierarchy in urban system of these countries,formation and development of informal settlement and slums in hazardous parts of big cities (environmental and artificial risks),political,environmental imbalances,environmental destruction,gap between city and village are adverse consequences of unorganized urban growth.In recent decades,some countries,in the form of adjustment planning in regional level tried to decentralize population and activity centers and regarding slums,they have benefited from several and multiple solutions in the form of a designed strategy in national,regional and local levels.While some countries,without fundamental consideration on national planning system and polarization of metropolitan cities of the country,have not attempted seriously in exploiting useful and applicable experiences and only with offering temporary solutions tried to solve shanty towns and informal settlement problems.Tabriz City as a metropolitan city and regional capital,years before land reform was the most important target of rural immigrants in the north-west of Iran.Increasing population growth of this city and unprepared city development management system and other factors,caused the formation of slums and informal settlement in problematic lands and various parts of this city.Iran with long background in national and county planning (more than sixty years) lacks the regional planning with adjustment and area perspective and was unsuccessful in wellarranged distribution of activity and population in various parts of the country and the lands far from the natural hazard.Meanwhile,Tabriz with more than 40 years experience in preparation,approval and implementation of master plan,still faces the development of slums in hazardous areas and no fundamental and decisive attempt in organizing development management is on the horizon.In the past five years,World Bank with the help of Urban Texture Office of Ministry of Housing and urban development with the purpose of transferring global experiences and making low-interest loans has taken measures in some slums in Tabriz.But continuity of World Bank efforts in planning,improvement and management of shanty town in Tabriz is not tangible and at the moment incomplete and inefficient methods are still decision-making basis regarding urban management issue.In these parts of the city there are several complex problems.Inappropriate house-building methods,using low-quality materials,unstable structure,dwelling of very poor people and immigrants with unstable jobs,existence of natural and environmental hazards,loss of social services and facilities are tangible problems.
Urban Poverty:informal Settlement:Natural Hazards:Urban development management
Simindokht Nematollahi
Member of Bagh Shahr Bana (BSBCO)Architectural & urbanism consulting engineers Tabriz-Iran
国际会议
北京
英文
44-47
2010-10-15（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）