MSAC and Multi-flow Attacks Resistant Spread Spectrum Watermarks for Network Flows
To address the problems of anonymous abuse,a new class of flow watermarking technique for invisible traceback based on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (I)SSS) was developed,utilizing a Pseudo-Noise (PN) code.However,DSSS-based watermarking approach is vulnerable to MSAC and multi-flow attacks:1) The self-similarity introduced by the DSSS watermarks causes periodic peaks,which allows adversaries to detect DSSS watermarks via Mean-Square Autocorrelation (MSAC) of a single modulated flows traffic rate time series.2) The watermark insertion technique reduces the flow rates over certain intervals across all flows,which can be used by attackers to line up multiple watermarked flows and observe the inserted transformations.This paper presents a MSAC and Multi-flow Attacks Resistant Spread Spectrum Watermarking (MMAR-SSW) scheme to trace multiple network flows,which uses multiple orthogonal PN codes to spread different watermark bits and embeds them in randomly selected interval positions.Empirical results demonstrate that this proposed scheme,robust against MSAC and multi-flow attacks,is more effective and efficient in tracing multiple interactive traffic,compared with DSSS-based watermarking scheme.
DSSS-based watermarks MSAC attack multi-flow attack PN code spread spectrum watermarks
Liancheng Zhang Zhenxing Wang Qinglong Wang Fu Miao
National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center Zhengzhou,Henan Province,China
国际会议
重庆
英文
438-441
2010-09-17（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）