De-watering, disposal and utilization of red mud: state of the art and emerging technologies
Bauxite residue, commonly called red mud after its color, is the main by-product of making alumina by the Bayer process. The amount, chemical composition and physical characteristics of red mud vary depending on the quality of the bauxite feedstock and the processing conditions. Single-chamber decanter type washers, high rate deep cone washers, rotary vacuum filters comprise the last stage of the counter-current washing system in the Bayer process. Dewatering of red mud sometime takes places with pressure filters and it is easy to transport or to tip the cake. Dry mud stacking, the most advanced disposal method, introduced about 25 years ago is cost-effective and provides environmental benefits as well. Extensive and successful research and development activities have been carried out aimed at the utilization of red mud. The large amount generated, the high moisture content and the chemically combined and the soluble soda content pose problems for several uses. The present paper reviews the state of the art of washing/dewatering, transportation and storage of red mud, the related emerging technologies and the principal applications being in use in pilot or commercial scale. While disposal requires special attention, red mud can now be disposed of in an environmentally sustainable way. The emerging technologies, possibly in their combination, will probably enable the use of red mud in significantly more quantities than experienced for the time being.
red mud Bayer process utilization emerging technologies
Gyoergy Banvoelgyi Tran Minh Huan
Senior Process Consultant, Ban-V61gy Bt, Budapest, Hungary Former General Director, Ministry of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam
国际会议
XVIII International Symposium of ICSOBA(第18届国际铝土矿、氧化铝及铝工业学术年会)
郑州
英文
431-443
2010-11-25（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）