Current Status of Citrus Canker Eradication Program in Sao Paulo State, Brazil
Citrus canker was first reported in Brazil in 1957, in Presidente Prudente County, Sao Paulo State. Since then an eradication program was started and quarantines were established. After the introduction of citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella, Stainton) in 1996, a higher number of citrus canker foci were observed and, therefore, the eradication methodology was changed in 1999 by a State law. In Sao Paulo State, the Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP) is a joint effort between the Federal and State Governments and the citrus growers. To find contaminated groves in the State, Fundecitrus makes an annual survey of all trees within 10％ of the commercial blocks (with more than 199 citrus trees). Based on the distribution of contaminated groves of the State, the CCEP determines the inspection actions in each citrus production area. According to disease incidence, all citrus blocks of some counties are inspected more than once a year. Inspection made by citrus growers is another way to find diseased citrus trees in commercial blocks. Inspections by Fundecitrus are done also in citrus nurseries and urban areas. Contaminated citrus blocks are simultaneously observed by three teams of inspectors. When more than 0.5％ of trees were infected, all trees in the block, infected and non infected, are removed. If ≤ 0.5％ of infected trees is detected, the infected trees and the non symptomatic trees, within 30 meters of radius, are removed. Quarantine restrictions are imposed and replanting in the treated area is prohibited for two years following eradication. Inspections are repeated periodically in the eradicated area during the quarantine period. From January 1999 to June 2008 a total of 4 286 413 citrus trees were removed from commercial blocks, 2 112 556 from citrus nurseries, and 1 160435 from non-commercial blocks. January through June 2008, 89 113 commercial trees and 45 116 non-commercial trees were removed in an effort to eradicate the disease. No diseased citrus nurseries were found in 2008 (January to June). After 1999, the CCEP has maintained the incidence of diseased commercial citrus blocks between 0. 08％ and 0. 27％ (0. 17％ in 2008). The conditions and number of inspections (number of inspected trees) are the most important factors that affect the efficacy of citrus canker eradication in the State.
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Canker epidemic Disease suppression Regulatory agency
Renato B. Bassanezi Jose Belasque Jr. Cicero A. Massari
Fundecitrus Av. Adhemar Pereira de Barros 201 Araraquara, SP 14807-040 Brazil
国际会议
11th International Citrus Congress(第11届国际柑橘大会)
武汉
英文
1049-1054
2008-10-01（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）