Insecticide Resistance Management of California Red Scale and Citricola Scale Populations in the San Joaquin Valley of California
California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) , a worldwide pest of citrus, developed resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the 1990s after more than 40 years of use in the San Joaquin Valley of California. California red scale-infested fruit from over 280 orchards in the valley were tested in the laboratory during 1990 - 1997 and 65％ of the populations had at least low levels of resistance to these insecticides. In the late 1990s, two insect growth regulators, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen, were introduced for California red scale control, providing new tools for scale control and reducing organophosphate and carbamate use in the region by more than 50％. Since that time, San Joaquin Valley growers have relied heavily on pyriproxyfen because of the lower cost and greater efficacy compared to buprofezin. Recent laboratory bioassays of California red scale infested fruit with pyriproxyfen indicate that a number of populations are developing resistance to pyriproxyfen. While California red scale is no longer controlled with organophosphate or carbamate insecticides, these insecticides, especially chlorpyrifos are still utilized for citricola scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) , control. Citricola scale is relatively insensitive to insect growth regulators. A number of citricola scale populations from throughout the San Joaquin Valley were tested for chlorpyrifos resistance during 2006 - 2007 using a leaf dip bioassay and > 40％ of the populations showed more than 20％ survival of the discriminating concentration of chlorpyrifos, indicating resistance problems. The potential for managing pyriproxyfen resistance in California red scale and organophosphate resistance in citricola scale is discussed.
Organophosphate Carbamate Pyriproxyfen
Yuling Ouyang Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 ,USA
国际会议
11th International Citrus Congress(第11届国际柑橘大会)
武汉
英文
1226-1230
2008-10-01（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）