Renewable Energy - Market Integration
Climate Change, as a consequence of GHG emissions, is a reality confirmed and accepted at all levels, and renewable energy sources are one of the best options to fight against it. In the electricity sector, they must compete against traditional energy usage and production: lack of a level playing field for environmental reasons as well as several market failures are among the reasons why these activities must have a specific treatment from the governments. This paper investigates about the different situation of renewable energy technologies in different countries by means of a set of questions asking several aspects of the activities mainly related with a set of issues for each and every country. It collects some statistics from different technologies and the goals set by the governments. It also describes the type of support to achieve them. Provisions for the integration in the grid are described, paying special attention to the ones aimed to make the intermittent energy sources such as wind more controllable by the grid operators. Measures for the integration in the electricity markets are also taken into account. The main results of the survey can be summarized as follows: ·The present penetration of renewables is not very significant but all countries show a clear interest in promoting renewables as it is shown by the fact that all of them have a clear target to be reached within a specified timeframe. This conclusion is clearly reinforced by the fact that all the countries surveyed have a scheme of supporting renewables. ·There are not specific problems in connecting renewables to the grid, mainly due to the low level of penetration, although there are clear signs that measures are being taking by system operators to overcome possible problems of integrating this type of energy into the grid. ·Most countries allow renewables to participate in the market, and allow different schemes of participation. Priority in accessing to the grids is only established in half of the sample.
Renewable Energy Support schemes Grid Integration Intermittent Energy System Control Management Market Integration
J.Arceluz A.Madurga
Iberdrola S.A. Spain
国际会议
桂林
英文
1-8
2009-10-28（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）