Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in wastewater from hospitals and pharmaceuticals manufactures
In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 24 pharmaceuticals in influents and effluents from 4 hospital wastewater treatment plants (H-WWTPs) and 4 pharmaceutical manufacture WWTPs (P-WWTPs) in Korea. In H-WWTPs, the total concentrations of pharmaceuticals in influents ranged from 4.097 to 543.4 μg/L, and caffeine, carbamazepine, acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid were dominant. The total levels and distribution patterns of pharmaceuticals in P-WWTPs varied with the P-WWTP due to the difference of production amounts and kinds of pharmaceuticals. Overall, the concentrations of pharmaceutical in P-WWTPs were higher than those in H-WWTPs. The environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals detected in effluents was performed according to the guideline recommended by the literatures. The risk quotients (RQs) were expressed as ratio between measured environment concentrations (MECs) and predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). The RQs of diclofenac, lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin-H2O were greater than 1, indicating these compounds should be monitored constantly.
Lee E.S. Sim W.J. Lee J.W. Hwang S.R. Shin S.K. Oh J.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Pusan National University,Busan,609-735,Republic o National Institute of Environmental Research,Incheon,404-708,Republic of Korea
国际会议
北京
英文
1-4
2009-08-24（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）