LONG-TERM MONITORING OF PCDD/PCDF – CONCEPTS AND CASE STUDIES FROM EUROPE
During start-up and unstable combustion periods, even state-of-the-art incinerators can emit PCDD/F in stack gases at concentrations that are up to 1000 times higher than normal operation. Therefore.incinerators and other sources with variation of PCDD/F release to air cannot be reliably monitored by conventional short term sampling that covers only 0.1 to 0.2 ％ of the yearly operating time. A more comprehensive monitoring regime is required. This paper describes different applications of continuous PCDD/F sampling in some European countries. The cases demonstrate that flexible regimes for continuous sampling can be crafted and applied by governments or regional/local authorities. Such regimes range from a countrywide, continuous requirement for selected facility types (e.g., waste incinerators) to a facility-specific regime that applies, for example to new facilities for a defined time period until the facility has demonstrated continuous compliance with regulatory limits. We suggest as a practical approach, that countries implementing the Stockholm Convention should evaluate in their BAT/BEP activities the usefulness of long-term sampling by, for example, designating institutes related to the environmental ministry or regional authorities to supervise long-term sampling regimes at relevant facilities in their country/areas, beginning with priority sources (e.g. facilities used for PCB/POPs destruction or hazardous waste processing).
Reinmann Jürgen Weber Roland
Environnement S.A Deutschland,Benzstrasse 11,61352 Bad Homburg,Germany POPs Environmental Consulting,Ulmenstrasse 3,73035 G(o)pingen,Germany
国际会议
北京
英文
1-6
2009-08-24（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）