How Do Microbial Eztracellular Enzymes Locate and Degrade Natural and Synthetic Polymers in Soil
In soils, microorganisms encounter complex organic matter that is rich in the energy, carbon and nutrients that are required for cell maintenance and growth. Cellulose and lignin are two of the most abundant biopolymers. However, bacteria and fungi do not have the ability to transport these into the cytoplasm; instead they depend on the activity of enzymes that are secreted into their immediate environment. These extracellular catalysts decompose organic compounds and generate soluble chemicals that are recognized by cell wall receptors and transported into the cell. Many organic pollutants in soil are polymeric, and poorly soluble and these also require extracellular catalysis prior to uptake, metabolism and detoxification. The complexity and diversity of extracellular enzymes and the macromolecules that they degrade will be reviewed and the many locations and multiple fates of these enzymes discussed. Ways in which extracellular enzymes overcome the destructive or inhibitory properties of the soil matrix and various strategies they adopt for effective substrate detection and utilization will be described.
Eztracellular enzymes Cellulose Lignin Microbial ecology Cellulosomes Soil-enzyme complezes
Richard G.Bums
School of Land,Crop and Food Sciences,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Queensland 4072,Australia
国际会议
杭州
英文
294-297
2009-10-10（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）