Mean Concentration of Fluoride in Drinking Water in Malaysla
This study aimed at determining the mean concentration of fluoride in drinking water from nine sites in Malaysia. Three sites were in Selangor, one each in Perak, Melaka, Kelantan, Terengganu, and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and one in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. A total of 689 households were chosen from which a total of 2067 water samples were collected. They were obtained from two sources –treated piped water from water treatment plants (WTPs), and groundwater extensively used for cooking and drinking purposes. Samples were collected from pipes at homes or water buckets from wells. They were then stored in pre-cleaned HDPE bottles and were analysed within the next 72 hours using a direct reading spectrophotometer model DR/2010 HACH Brand. Results showed that the mean concentration of fluoride in Sri Serdang, Selangor was the highest, at 0.71+s.d 0.12 mg/L, while the concentration of fluoride in the samples from Kota Kinabalu had the lowest mean concentration of fluoride, at 0.08+s.d 0.06 mg/L. Kelantan, Terengganu and Sabah states have ceased fluoridation of treated water in the wake of higher cases of dental fluorosis amongst the population, which explained the lower mean concentration of fluoride from sites in these states. The mean concentrations of fluoride in the majority of samples were lower than the concentration recommended by the health authorities i.e. 0.5 –0.7 mg/L, hence insufficient for eradicating dental caries. This was the main reason why fluoride has been added into treated water. However, higher concentrations of fluoride i.e. 1 mg/L or more may alleviate the occurrence of dental fluorosis, especially among children.
Fluoride drinking water fluoridation dental caries Malaysia
MOHD SHAM Shaharuddin IDRIS Mohd Izam Syah MUKHTAR Muhd Mursyidi HAJI KHALID Mohd Wazir MUSTAFA Mohd Nor Kidahus SINANG Sumarlan YUSOFF Mohd Kamil YAZIZ Mohammed Ismail RAMLI Mohammad Firuz ABDULLAH Mohd Yunus OON Lee Wah TAJARUDDIN Kamarul Faizal DAUD Nooraziati JAAPAR Irwan
Department of Community Health,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,434 Department of Environmental Sciences,Faculty of Environmental Studies,Universiti Putra Malaysia,4340
国际会议
2009 International Symposium on Environmental Science and Technology(2009环境科学与技术国际会议)
上海
英文
1000-1002
2009-06-02（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）