Evaluation of tasks and postures in a sailing yacht
The methods allowing a hierarchical evaluation of the tasks, or an analysis of postures of subjects accomplishing the same tasks, are numerous. Not so many are the methods evaluating both these aspects. Nevertheless the integrated use of different methods of task and work analyses may reveal the best way to analyse the different postures of subjects acting in complex, organized work systems, in order to guide design choices on new aesthetic, comfortable and functional station solutions. Also a sailing yacht, for example, can be considered an “organized work system defined by a very complex and interrelated set of elements (activities, riggings and people), working in special environmental conditions, pursuing the main object of “sailing with efficiency, effectiveness and with satisfaction for everybody. On board, everybody accomplishes his own tasks by interacting with specific riggings in specific “areas of the sailing yacht. However, these “stations not always derive from a user centered design: they often derives from compromises, which usually are aesthetical or simply hierarchical in regarding with other emplacements on board. As a matter of fact, the most efficient design does not always match to a “good-looking cockpit, from both an organizational and a postural point of view. This paper outlines the results of an evaluation test referred, in particular, both to the tasks and to the postures of one single role on board of a sailing yacht: the “tailer, who is the determinant subject taking care of furling and setting the sails. The target of the evaluation test was to point out the most important aspects of a tailers postural discomfort, in order to define some guidelines referring to different operative conditions (postural, organizational and positional) as well as to different sets of rigging. The study started from some methods and protocols referred to HTA (Hierarchical Task Analysis) and to OWAS (Ovako Work Analysis System): an integrated and original use of both is set, in order to analyse the different tailers postures taken up in rapid succession, in comparison with the tasks connected to the most important riggings of a sailing yacht. This has been done in regards to different kinds of cockpits and uses of riggings. Fist of all a theoretical analysis has been carried out, referring to some indications got from the wide literature on the subject. Afterwards an evaluation test with different subjects has been carried out, by registering the times of performance and the different taken up postures. The experimental results allowed to provide some guidelines to favour and to guide design choices on postures, stations and riggings referred to the tailers role. At the end, guidelines are enforced in an interesting aestetic solution of a new cockpit design.
Di Bucchianico Giuseppe Vallicelli Andrea
IDEA department, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
国际会议
17th World Congress on Ergonomics(第十七届国际人类工效学大会)
北京
英文
1-4
2009-08-09（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）