Factors influencing the removal of fluoride from groundwater by Nanofiltration
The influence of co-existing chloride, sulfate, pH, and temperature to defluoridation of groundwater using nanofiltration membrane and membrane fouling were studied. The results show that nanofiltration has retention effect to all co-existing ions. When feed fluoride concentration was less than 6mg/L, the fluoride concentration in permeated water was less than 1.2mg/L which could reach the drinking water standard in China rural area. The fluoride retention rate decreases with the increase of feed fluoride, co-existing ions concentration or pH. The decreasing percentage of fluoride retention rate is the same when Cl-concentration increased 1 mol or SO4 2-concentration increased 0.5 mol. The fluoride retention rate increase when feed chloride concentration exceeded 220mg/L. But the variation had no significant change. The fluoride retention rate increases with the increasing of pH, while there is a milestone on pH 4.4. Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and its energetic chart analysis apparatus, X-ray Diffration(XRD) analysis show that the main fouling component was CaCO3. The fouling membrane could be recovered flux using citric acid and ammonia cleaning method.
nanofiltration membrane defluoridation drinking water co-ezisting ions membrane fouling
MA Wei-fang Liu WEN-jun CHEN Guo-wei
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
国际会议
北京
英文
1-5
2009-06-11（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）