Colostrum Management and Nutrition
Colostrum is essential to provide antibody protection to newborn calves. The degree of this protection is dependent on how quickly after birth colostrum is fed, how much is fed, and the antibody concentration in the colostrum as measured by a colostrometer. Recent field samplings have found that from 30 to 50％ of colostrum samples exceeded upper limits for bacteria of 100,000 cfu/ml total plate counts (TPC) and 10,000 cfu/ml total coliform counts (TCC). Three primary sources of bacteria in colostrum are those shed directly from the udder, from contaminated equipment such as bucket/bottle or that used for feeding, and bacterial proliferation in improperly stored colostrum. Steps for optimal colostrum cleanliness are 1) prepare and clean the udder properly, 2) sanitize collection, storage, feeding, etc. equipment, 3) do not pool sources for disease control such as Johnes (mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis), and 4) refrigerate by 2 hours (and use within 3 days) or freeze. Based on sampling all cows from a large herd, it was determined that feeding approximately 2, 3 or 4 liters of colostrum would provide the minimum of 100 g IgG per calf at 29, 71, and 87％ of the time, respectively. In an on-farm study, calves fed only 2 liters colostrum had twice the veterinary costs, gained 0.23 kg less per day, had 11％ less milk production in the first lactation, and had 17％ less milk production in the second lactation than those calves that had been fed 4 liters colostrum at their first feeding.
A.F.Kertz
ANDHIL LLC, St.Louis, MO, USA
国际会议
奶牛营养与牛奶质量国际研讨会(ist International Symposium on Dairy Cow Nutrition and Milk Quality)
北京
英文
51-54
2009-05-04（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）