SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REGULARITIES OF SETTLEMENTS GROWTH AROUND MOSCOW BASED AT MAPPING BY SATELLITE IMAGES
Study of land use changes and processes of urbanization in Moscow region are carry out in Laboratory of Aerospace methods at Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University. Maps of dynamics of builded areas for 1991-2001 by multitemporal Landsat images had been compiled in previous years. Images resolution 30 m has limited investigation by picking out only settlements boundaries without determination of their types. After 2000 the appearance of high resolution satellite images (meter and submeter), so as Rcsurs-DK, Ikonos, QuickBird, Orb View, EROS has changed the situation. Therefore the methodological investigation on estimation of possibilities of various types of building determination by high resolution satellite images has been created. The test site in the Western Near Moscow region, 17×14 km in size, from Zvenigorod and Nikolina Gora at the North and Malye Vyazemy at the South, was analyzed. As the main source of information QuickBird images of 2,4 m resolution, taken from Google Earth system, were used. Visual interpretation of screen images accompanied with fixing of settlements boundaries in vector format. Images are allow to divide various types of building: town building (with different quantity of floors), elite living complexes, cottage settlements with different size of houses and yards, old suburban settlements, traditional rural settlements, villages of garden and kitchen-garden cooperatives, objects of recreation, industry, agriculture. The typical examples of these types imagery at satellite pictures are given in the paper and their interpretation keys have been characterized in text and tables.The map of types of building for the test site of the Western Near Moscow region has been compiled in scale 1:50 000. The area of each type of buildings was calculated. The map shows the dependency of various building types distribution on quality of territory, its ecological statement, distance from woods and water objects. It is evidence that it also shows territorial differentiation of lands coast.Multitemporal topographical maps (1940, 1982) and Landsat-5,7 images (1991,2001) were used for study of the appearance time for different building types. Such analysis has allowed to compile the second map, which has characterised stages of built areas growth in the last decades and to investigate the history of formation for different types of settlements network. Buildt areas for each of 4 periods were calculated and reasons of their appearance were analyzed.The oldest type of building is presented by 1-2 floors town building and traditional rural settlements, and some of these settlements had appeared some centuries ago. Formation of old suburban settlements also took place at the stage up to 1940 (elite suburban settlements as Moszhinka, Nikolina Gora were builded at 1920-1930s).Significant growth of buildt areas took place after 1940. During 40 years, to 1980s builded areas had been increased more that twice. Areas of towns and old suburban settlements widened, multifloor living and industrial building were appeared, also as villages of kitchen-garden cooperatives, caused by the wave of lands allot in 1960s. The main part of healthy-restoration and sport complexes also have been appeared in this period.The decade of 1980s is characterized by decreasing of building activity. The last decade 1990-2000s distinguishes oneself by intensity of building and appearance of new type of building - cottedges. Growth of built areas for these 10 years was just the same as for 40 years after war. So the tempo of growth was 4 times quicker, but in comparison with previous decade it was 10 times quicker!Methodological experience of these investigations may be useful for the solution of problems of actualization of geospace information under creation of national space data infrastructure and for goals of satellite topographic monitoring.
Kravtsova V.I. Konfektov M.N.
Faculty of Geography, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University Vorobievy Gory, Moscow 119992 Russia
国际会议
乌鲁木齐
英文
43-53
2008-06-29（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）