Aquaculture in Norway,Production of Safe and Healthy seafood,with Special Focus on the Use of Genetically Modified Feed Ingredients
In 2003 Norway exported around 500,000 tons of farmed fish to more than 150 countries worldwide,giving Norway an income of about 3,500 million US dollars.Salmon and rainbow trout are still the most common species exported,but there is also an increasing contribution from farmed marine cold-water species such as cod and halibut.Norwegian fish farming has,thanks to extensive vaccine programs,overcome most of its problems with diseases from the early 1980s,and annual use of medicine in aquaculture was down to a minimum in 2003.Current challenges facing the industry are increasing demands from the market to document the levels of undesirables in fish feed and seafood products.This focus on food safety resulted in the development of surveillance programs,started in 1994.The surveillance programs are conducted by NIFES(National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research) to document the levels of undesirable substances in aquatic species. NIFES,a research institute directly linked to the Ministry of Fisheries,acts as an advisor to the ministry in matters concerning the production chain of seafood(both wild and farmed),including risk-benefit analyses in humans using model systems.Increased international focus on food safety also encompasses farmed fish.Production of safe and healthy seafood starts with the development of fish feeds with low levels of undesirable substances and the necessary nutrients to ensure optimal fish health,which in turn provides a product most favorable to human health without compromising seafood quality or cost-efficiency.Research activity in NIFES focusing on the whole food chain is organised into three research programs and one surveillance program. One focus of the program for Aquaculture Nutrition is risk evaluation of using genetically modified feed ingredients for salmon.The industrys demand for cheaper protein ingredients in fish feed can be met by using materials based on plant products from soybeans and corn,which contain high quality proteins.Products from both soybeans and corn are to a large extent genetically modified(GM),either to ensure resistance to pesticides or worms.In addition,the old-fashioned non-GM varieties of soybeans and corn are hard to get hold of and more expensive.The European market is very skeptical towards genetically modified foods,especially concerning pleiotrophic and long-term effects.This skepticism also extends to food produced by genetically modified ingredients,such as salmon fed a diet containing some GM ingredients.Research is ongoing at NIFES in order to establish whether GM soybean(RR) or GM corn(Bt) in fluences feed utilization,digestibility,health or product quality of Atlantic salmon,and whether or not the modified DNA is transferred to the edible product.
Gro-lngunn Hemre
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research(NIFES),P.O.Box 176,NO-5804 Bergen,Norway
国际会议
珠海
英文
23-34
2004-09-05（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）