Carbon Diozide——the Veteran and Versatile Fumigant
Reported ninety years ago to be the most effective fumigant compared to carbon disulphide（CS2) and hydrogen cyanide （HCN), carbon dioxide still finds niche applications, e. g. organic grain protectant. In addition to its use in Controlled Atmospheres（>35%, 15days),carbon dioxide has been used to improve efficacy, pesticide distribution and the elimination of flammability in pesticide mixtures.High pressure formulations in industrial gas cylinders use the unique solventpropellant properties of liquid carbon dioxide to achieve mixtures of various fumigant chemicals. An early example of this formulation is the non-flammable mixture of 10% ethylene oxide in CO2. More recent formulations include 2% phosphine CYTEC product ECO2 FUME and 16.7% ethyl formate LINDE Group-VAPORMATE. In addition to its use in formulation of fumigant chemicals,the solvent-fpropellant property of carbon dioxide has been used to dispense acrosol mixture of contact insecticides. The industrial aerosol formulation marketed in a number of countries and typically using quick-knockdown and non-residue insecticides (e.g. natural pyrethrins,dichlorvos) are excellent for fogging application. Commercial carbon dioxide is recycled from by-product process streams(petroleum refineries,breweries,fertiliser manufacture). The carbon dioxide purified, liquefied and marketed by industrial gas companies is equivalent to less that 0.05% of the total carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere.
fumigation fumigants carbon diozide organic aerosols methyl bromide alternative stored product pests
Robert F.Ryan
Endeavour Street, Sans Souci, NSW 2219 Australia
国际会议
成都
英文
139-143
2008-09-21（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）