Morphological and Genetic Aspects of Buckwheat Interspecific Incompatibility Overcoming
Narrow polymorphism of buckwheat regarding particular elements of yield formula and adaptive value requires researches on creation of the carriers and using them as donors. The necessary characteristics are related to some wild species. That is why involving these species into selection process as donors owning the criteria required for buckwheat characteristics improvement is an important question of the crop breeding． There are some facts about the reasons of remote combining disability of different flora resources, about full or particular sterility of young remote hybrids, very strong and hardly surmountable anesthesia in hybrids, low probability of interspecies hybrids characteristics and abilities recombination, and almost a total absence of generic hybrids recombination． A lot of hypothesis related to the incompatibility mechanism discovering give the evidence of very complicated processes, which are running at the moment of a plant pollination/fertilization together with enzyme systems and other biochemical complexes． Present-day development of genetic-and-selection science in conjunction with physiologic-and-biochemical science achievements open the possibilities to overcome the difficulties connected with interspecies incompatibility of many cultivated plants. Interspecies wheat-and-ryehybrids, barley-and-rye hybrids, interspecies tomatoes, coRon plants, soya, aborigine, tobacco, pea, bean, strawberry, pine hybrids and many other cultivated plants were created by using these achievements． In addition to this．common nature of interaction was discovered in tlle systems of remote interspecies and intergeneric incompatibility, and in the systems of intravariety incompatibility．At the same time, different methods were suggested to overcome all these types of incompatibility. These methods are based on suppression of incompatibility mechanism at different stages of its onset． Actually, all attempts to cross the cultivar with some wild species of buckwheat were not successful. In 1976 E．Grishyna conducted some researches crossing Tartary buckwheat with ordinary buckwheat．As a result, in some cases the ovary started to develop and reached about one-forth size of a matured yield．However, after that it often became brown and dried up．Similar researches results were collected by M．R．Morris in 1951 during reciprocal crossing between ordinary buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat at different stages of fertility． The only successful way to overcome interspecies incompatibility of buckwheat Was achieved by E. T. Danilenko and A．S．Kotov, as they obtained amphidiploids F. gigantenum-interspecies hybrids-by crossing between wild species-F．cymosum and F. tatricum．General performance of the hybrid as well as its particular characteristics proves its hybrid origin：the hybrid was superior to its both parents in growth, leafmess, and yield. Its height reached up to 2．5m and the hybrid produced 102g of seeds, whereas the best specimen of Tartary buckwheat Was only 1．68m high and produced 28g of seeds. The hybrid Was more similar to its maternal plant in fetus shape and size as well as in the length of the vegetation season．At the same time it Was more like its paternal plant in color and formation of the flower, way of pollination, lodging resistance, and branching habit． The fact that the hybrid has 32 chromosomes in its somatic cell, has superior seed yield, and both parents characteristics proves that it Was developed by crossing between diploid sets of Tartary buckwheat and ordinary buckwheat．Allotetraploid origin of the hybrid is also proved by its biologic disintegration. If crossed with parents and ordinary buckwheat the amphidiploid does not seed properly developed hybrid seeds． Overcoming of buckwheat interspecies incompatibility by the examples of amphidiploids obtaining, genetic-and-selection science development in conjunction with physiologic-and．biochemical science achievements concerned about the methods how to overcome cross incompatibility of other crops taxonomic units presume such possibility in case of some other wild and cultivar buckwheat species hybridization．
Incompatibility Hybridization Recombination Buckwheat Growth-regulating substances Embryo crop
Taranenko L.K. Yatsishen O.L. Taranenko P.P.
The science-research Institute of Agriculture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mashynobudivnykiv sir., 2b, 08162 Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine
国际会议
The 10th International Symposium on Buckwheat(第十届国际荞麦会议)
陕西杨凌
英文
132-141
2007-08-14（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）