Manual phased arrays for weld inspections using North American codes
Phased arrays are primarily a method of generating and receiving ultrasound, not a new technology. In addition, the physics of ultrasound generated by phased arrays is identical to that from conventional monocrystals. Not surprisingly, all the major North American (and some European) codes accept phased arrays, either explicitly or implicitly. However, the technique and procedures needs to be proven, typically by a Performance Demonstration. The ASME (American Society for Mechanical Engineers) Section V and API RP2X explicitly accept phased arrays. Three ASME code cases have been written specifically for manual phased array: Code Cases 2541, 2557 and 2558. Over and above the general requirements of Article 4, these Code Cases require full waveform calibration. This is echoed in ASTM E-2491, a Standard Guide for setting up phased arrays. In addition, details such as focusing and reporting are addressed. The American Petroleum Institute QUTE procedure did not need any modifications to be compatible with manual phased arrays. The American Welding Society (AWS) Structural Welding Code D1.1 implicitly accepts phased arrays. New technologies such as phased arrays can be proven using Annex K. Nonetheless, a manual phased array unit using the standard AWS probe and displaying 45, 60 and 70o waveforms would be acceptable for D1.1 as is. Overall, most major North American codes accept phased arrays; however, the technique and procedures must be proven, often using a Performance Demonstration.
Manual phased arrays codes calibration Performance Demonstration
Michael MOLES
Olympus NDT73 Superior Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M8V 2M7
国际会议
第十七届世界无损检测会议(17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing)
上海
英文
462-468
2008-10-25（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）