Vanadium Recovery from Fly Ash - a Review
Vanadium is an important metal that is used mainly in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys due to the high tensile strength,hardness,fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance.Vanadium consumption in the steel industry represents about 85% of the vanadium-bearing products produced worldwide.The primary sources of the metal are patronite,roscoelite,and mottramite.Vanadium has also been produced as a by-product of the uranium production program which uses carnotite ores as a source of uranium.Vanadiferous magnetite iron ores are used for producing vanadium as well.In addition,it is known that vanadium can be recovered from the ashes of crude oil and petroleum coke.The process for treating boiler residues,fly ash and petroleum coke is similar to the process used to treat spent catalysts and ores.However,some of these materials may contain high carbon that must be removed at specific stage of the operation.Several processes are available for obtaining vanadium from fly ash,such as roasting vanadium bearing materials in the presence of sodium salt.The salt roasted calcine is subsequently leached with an alkaline or acidic solution.To obtain a calcine from which the vanadium can subsequently be recovered,the carbon in the source materials has to be eliminated prior to the roasting process.Other processes use the conventional hydrometallurgical route,in which fly ash is leached with sulphuric acid to obtain an impure vanadium pentoxide.The impure vanadium pentoxide is then treated with a sodium carbonate solution under atmospheric conditions to subsequently precipitate vanadium as ammonium metavanadate.Actually,the salt roasting process is the only process used commercially.In the present study,the progress in the technology of vanadium extraction from secondary materials is reviewed.The perspectives and the challenges for new process development are discussed.
Vanadium extraction Secondary Resource Fly ash Processing technology
C.R.Mambote Y.Xiao R.D.Schuiling
Consultek Research,Rotterdam,The Netherlands Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Delft University of Technology,The Netherlands Geochem Research,Nieuwegein,The Netherlands
国际会议
XXIV International Mineral Processing Congress(第24届国际矿物加工大会)
北京
英文
3697-3707
2008-09-24（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）