A Discrete Time Evacuation Model Designed for Safety of Building Egress
The crowd safety is closely related to the evacuation capability of building egress. In order to ascertain the capability of building egress, its necessary to define the relationship between density and crowd-flow rate. In this paper a discrete time evacuation model (DTEM) for a building with single egress is put forward. The empirical relationship between density and velocity has been summarized and then the crowd-flow rate as a function of density is deduced. The influence of crowd density on evacuation process was considered in the model. In DTEM, the evacuation process can be divided into different phases according to the characteristics of the building, the evacuation time is discrete. The density of the crowd and the number of the evacuees can be determined at any time during the evacuation process. The model was used to research type C building; it was proved that the efficiency cannot be improved when the width of the egress is increased to a special value. Furthermore, it was also proved that the characteristics of crowd density are similar during the whole process, although the evacuation time is different corresponding to different relationship between density and velocity. Finally, the model can define the optimum width of egress in the case. Based on the results, DTEM shows great value in dealing with building up the egress design.
Discrete Time Evacuation Model Crowd Density Crowd flow Rate Evacuation Velocity of Crowd Movement
Zhen WANG MaoLIU Donghua LIU
Shandong light industry institute, Jinan 250353, China;Public Safety Research Center of Nankai Unive Public Safety Research Center of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
国际会议
The 1st International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response(首届风险分析与危机反应国际学术研讨会)
上海
英文
251-256
2007-09-25（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）