Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, Endocrine Disrupters, Fragrances and Faecal Steroids in Sewage Effluents, Riverine, Estuarine and Coastal Waters
In recent years, it has been reported that many phamaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), fragrances and endocrine disruptors (EDCs) survive treatments in sewage plants. This has been demonstrated through research that compares concentrations in influent flows and those in effluent discharges. As a consequence, these families of compounds have been found at low levels (ng/L) in sewage effluents, rivers and transitional waters (I.e. estuaries and coastal waters). However, the persistence, transformations, speciation, fate and toxicity of these compounds in aquatic environments remains poorly investigated. Previous studies of PPCPs in aquatic environments have demonstrated that highly sensitive analytical methodologies (with strict quality assurance schemes) are required to assess their levels. Our approach in this research has developed and upgraded current GC/MS methods (Liu et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005), to include large volume injection techniques (LVI-GC/MS) and to combine the simultaneous determination of different groups of target compounds (e.g. PPCPs, EDCs, feacal steroids). The rationale behind this approach is that the PPCPs and EDCs are primarily derived from sewage outfalls and the faecal steroids, molecular organic markers of sewage pollution in coastal waters (e.g. coprostanol), afford an additional tracing mechanism. The presence of some of the PPCPs, EDCs, fragrances (synthetyc musks) and feacal steroids have been found (e.g. Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Triclosan, 4-tert-Octylphenol) with highest concentrations for Diclofenac and Bisphenol A (305±15 and 449±4 ng/L, respectively), as well as Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide (AHTN) (> 2000 ng/L) in rivers waters and effluents. In the estuaries and coastal areas studied, the presence of many of these compounds occur at very low levels, except for fragrances. This is due to high dilution coefficients and strong tidal regimes. Further research will be directed to refine sampling protocols, introduce strict quality controls, and to assess both the spatial and temporal occurrence and transport/fates in estuarine environments. It is envisaged that this information will contribute to European Chemical Policies and the European Union-Water Framework Directive.
pharmaceuticals personal care products endocrine disruptors polycyclic musks faecal steroids estuaries coasts river effluent water
GUITART Carlos SUMNER Nicola AGUIRRE Leire PENA Sonia FUENTES Gustavo FRICKERS Trish LEWIS Roy READMAN James
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, United Kingdom Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, United Kingdom; University of Plymout Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, United Kingdom;Fundación La Salle de
国际会议
2007环境科学与技术国际会议(The 2007 International Symposium on Environmental Science and Technology)
北京
英文
2007-11-13（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）