THE NEXT GENERATION OF REFRIGERANTS
This paper reviews the progression of refrigerants, from early uses to the present, and then addresses future directions and candidates. The paper breaks the history into four refrigerant generations based on defining selection criteria. It discusses displacement of earlier working fluids, with successive criteria, and how interest in some early refrigerants re-emerged, for example renewed interest in those now identified as “natural refrigerants. The paper examines the outlook for current options in the contexts of existing international agreements, including the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols to avert stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change, respectively. It also examines other environmental concerns and further international and local control measures. The paper illustrates how isolated attention to individual environmental issues or regulatory requirements, in contrast to coordinated responses to the several issues together, can result in unintended environmental harm that almost certainly will require future reversals.
JAMES M.CALM
Engineering Consultant 10887 Woodleaf Lane, Great Falls, VA 22066-3003 USA
国际会议
The 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration(第22届国际制冷大会)
北京
英文
2007-08-21（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）