HEAT PUMPS
The old aim of governments was to supply their country with sufficient low-cost energy to keep the economy growing. Nowadays the climate change requires a reduction of the energy use, mainly the use of fossil fuels, which are the main producers of CO2 emissions. Heat pumps offer the possibility of reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions significantly, mainly in the building sector, but also in industry. The second law of thermodynamics shows the advantages: While a condensing gas-fired boiler can reach a primary energy ratio (PER) of at best 105 ％ (based on the lower calorific value), heat pumps achieve 200 ％ to 400 ％, depending on the operating conditions. The potential for reducing CO2 emissions assuming a 30 ％ share of heat pumps in the building sector using technology presently available is about 6 ％ of the total world-wide CO2 emissions. With advanced future technologies in power generation, in improved heat pumps used in integrated systems and in advanced control strategies 16 ％ seem to be possible. Therefore, heat pumps are one of the key technologies for energy conservation, for reducing CO2 emissions and for reducing the effects of the climate change.
Hermann Halozan René Rieberer
Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 25 / B, A-8010 Graz, Austria
国际会议
The 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration(第22届国际制冷大会)
北京
英文
2007-08-21（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）