Challenges of Innovation, Globalization and Development
The largest of the emerging economies-the so-called BRIC nations of Brazil, Russia, India and China, face similar challenges, but begin from very different historical, geographic and political starting points. As a result, the potential of each nation is very different, and the likely trajectories of innovation and development will be different in each case.Innovation and enterprise are central to the development and growth of emerging economies, and yet their contribution is usually considered in terms of the most appropriate national policy and institutions, or the regulation of international trade. Macro economic issues are important, and national systems of innovation, including formal policy, institutions and governance, can have a profound influence on the degree and direction of innovation and enterprise in a country or region, but it is also critical to consider a more micro perspective, in particular innovation by firms and the entrepreneurship of individuals. Therefore in this paper we examine the respective roles of national systems and policy, the capabilities of firms, and initiative of individual entrepreneurs, and the interactions between these three perspectives. Specifically, we will discuss:· The reasons for, and implications of, the uneven global distribution of innovation.· How the components of a national system of innovation, and how these interact to influence the degree and direction of innovation in a country.· The ways the position of a firm in an international value chain may constrain the opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship.· The nature of dynamic capabilities, and understand how these can contribute to the development and growth of firms and nations.
Joe TIDD
SPRU (Science and technology Policy Research Unit), University of Sussex, UK
国际会议
The Fifth InternationalSymposium on Management of Technology(ISMOT07)(第五届技术与创新管理国际研讨会)
杭州
英文
3-14
2007-06-01（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）