Share of Biofuel in the Energy Market——the German Experience
(0) During the past almost two decades the strong increase in the energy demand, the related predominant dependency or the limited fossil fuel resources and the growing concern about harmful effects on the environment as a result of the extensive use of such fuels led to a reconsideration of the primary energy base. In particular, the recent global climate debate furthermore intensified the search for alternatives in energy supply in order to reduce the emission of carbon oxides. Therefore, apart from non-carbonaceous options, the CO2-neutral sources such as biomass and organic wastes are expected to play a growing role in the future primary energy mix. In (act, strategies in many countries, in particular in Europe, are strongly promoting and supporting the utilisation of such fuels for heat and electricity generation. As an example, the European Union aims at a contribution of biofuels of 8 ％ by 2010 whilst in Germany an even higher share in the energy market is envisaged. In order to comply with this ambiguous goals, research and industry are since more than one decade engaged in the development and the operation of thermal conversion processes for biogenic fuels.In the paper the motivation and the strategic considerations in Germany as an example of a European country are explained. After some details about the major fuels and their properties the stationary utilisation of biomass in both modes, mono-and co utilisation, as well as typical technologies for combustion and gasification are discussed, followed by experience from selected operating plants. Finally an outlook into the future application and the needs for further technological advances will be given.
Klaus R.G. Hein
Institute of Process Engineering and Power Plant Technology (IVD) University Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
国际会议
北京
英文
11-22
2003-10-08（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）