The Evolution of Metro Manila as Global City and its Contradictions
I attempt to identify the polarization of urban space in Metro Manila by the virtue of cultural strategies,especially focusing since the late-1990s.Metro Manila has been shaped by mega-projects,hyper-architecture to attract foreign investments as well as other Asian cities experiences.This paper explores that how Metro Manila proceed toward the “world-class” city and on the one hand what causes the polarization of urban space in Metro Manila.The Philippine government embarked on economic reforms such as economic liberalization,privatization,and deregulation throughout 1990s.While economic reforms are embarked,real estate is integral factor in the process of new urban formation as well as a pivotal economic sector in the 21st century.In Metro Manila setting,the megacity has been proceeding towardthe “world-class” city in the process of redevelopment that converts urban land into new urban spaces such as new residential condominium and shopping mall.At the same time,urban slums are ubiquitous in order to maintain cheap labor force in Metro Manila.Cultural strategies in the context of the Philippines can play a significant role to create new ”public space” such aesthetic spaces as shopping mall and new residential condominium.In addition,it also divides modern lifestyle with aesthetic and security from non-modern lifestyle.In this paper,while it reviews the historical context of urban space in Metro Manila in terms of colonialism and state led development during the Marcos regime,I cite the evolution of Fort Bonifacio Global City as one of example and of new residential condominiums in Metro Manila since the 2000s.With regard to the growing number of condominiums within Metro Manila,I indicate two kinds of this investment in new residential condominiums in the context of the Philippines.First,it is deemedthe growing number of Overseas Filipino Worker(OFW).They cancontribute to invest in residential condominiums to obtain new residence as well as OFW is main economic activity in the Philippines.Second,a foreigner is also consumer of residential condominiums.This flow of foreigner is not only fromglobal north to global south,but also significant to consider the flow from south to south.On the other hand,a lot of low income families relocate outside Metro Manila for relocation projects in this process of urban redevelopment.This suggests thatMetro Manila is ongoing the spatial growth beyond Metro Manila.The evolution of Metro Manila as global city entails its contradictions which signify residential segregation of low-income people from the center space of Metro Manila.In addition,this issue might be related to other cities of global south in the age of global urbanism.
Social geography Metro Manila Urban redevelopment Global city Culture
Naoki Fujiwara
Kobe University,Kobe city,Japan
国内会议
第十届中日韩地理学联合会议、第一届亚洲地理学大会、第十五次全国青年地理工作者学术研讨会
上海
英文
153-163
2015-10-09（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）