Economical Social and Ecological Effect of Rice-Fish Culture System--A Review
Rice-fish culture ecosystem was first practised in China which can be dated back to 1700 years ago.As an eco-friendly and sustainable system,rice-fish culture provides food and animal protein for farmers living in ecologically-fragile regions and improves their income status.In most cases,due to the saving costs,increased rice yields and extra income from selling fish,the profits of rice-fish culture were significantly greater as compared to rice alone.Rice yields were normally increased by 5%~20% when fish were cultured in ricefields and fish yields from rice-fish fields were usually between 200 to 700 kg ha-1.The productivity of rice and fish in rice-fish fields is usually affected by whether or not polyculture is applied, stocking density, size at stocking, feed supply and rice seeding rate.As for social effect,rice-fish culture had potential to improve food quality,reduce disease spread,improve health status,save labour and increase income for farmers,making it a preferable choice for farmers across the world.From an environmental point of view, we discussed the effect of rice-fish culture on greenhouse emission, diversity of organisms and water ecology.The effect of rice-fish culture on CH4 and N2O emisson differed from country to country.In China,rice-fish culture systems were reported to have an alleviative impact on CH4 emission while in other countries such as Bangladesh, Germany and India,CH4 emission from rice-fish fields was higher than that of rice-only plots.N2O emission was generally lower in rice-fish fields.Both CH4 and N2O emission have a relationship with water pH, Eh and DO value, soil organic carbon or soil nitrogen and fish species rearing in ricefields.Rice-fish intergrated system also influenced the structure and diversity of phytoplanktons and microorganisms in paddy fields,indicating its role in recruiting the niche deficiency of common rice-only fields.Moreover,rice-fish culture was reported to increase the use efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen and thus reduced the requirement of chemical fertilizers.Because fish and rice complementary used the nutrients in rice-fish system, such positive interactions will finally reduce water pollution caused by chemical fertilizers.
Rice-fish culture increased income social benefit eco-system
ZHOU Jian CHEN Yeyu DU Jun LIU Guangxun ZHAO Gang LIU Ya
Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731 ,China
国内会议
苏州
英文
169-179
2014-10-16（万方平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）